Age Defying. CannaCell® Sensitive 1000 Roses® Quenching. Annual rainfall is scarce (232 mm) and concentrated from October to April. However, if the purpose is production of edible oil, these areas could qualify as suitable with complementary irrigation. This composition is particularly adept for nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal uses. This could affect the argan oil business in Morocco and defeat the efforts initiated to save the argan forests. In Morocco's southern mountains gold grows on the region's argan trees. Skeels.) Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Goats digest the fleshy part of the fruit, but discharge the nut because of its hard shell. Apart from the economic value, Argan trees play a huge role in the natural ecosystem. Eight classes of suitability were delineated: very suitable, suitable, suitable area with constraints (under dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regime) and under irrigation, marginal, and nonsuitable areas. To create the maps, a series of previously interpolated bioclimatic variables were used. The women who are doing this work, call for a better salary and fair living and working conditions." It will take … To prevent lethal effects, the annual mean minimum temperature (that represents the long-term average daily minimum air temperature observed during a calendar month and over the year) cannot be lower than −5°C [18]. The following classes were delineated: very suitable, suitable, suitable with constraints (under dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid regimes), suitable with constraints under irrigation, marginal, and nonsuitable. To the east, another suitable area can be recognized, and it receives annual rainfalls in the 300–400 mm range. In the summer months, water the Argan tree, particularly if you know that the soil it is planted in is about to dry up. The critical period, as far as water is concerned, is between the preflowering and ripening phases, and this usually corresponds to the period with the highest rain scarcity in the original areas. The highest boundary for argan tree is close to the 3.8°C isotherm, which corresponds to the lower limit for snow [2]. The second area is Tassademt (hereafter Mountain), a site located 70 km NE of Agadir in the first foothills of the Atlas Mountains, which is characterized by its extreme climatic conditions. sous bioclimat aride à forte influence océanique (plaine du Souss, Maroc),”, Z. Charrouf and D. Guillaume, “Argan Oil,”, Y. le Polain de Waroux and E. F. Lambin, “Monitoring degradation in arid and semi-arid forests and woodlands: The case of the argan woodlands (Morocco),”. This can be a race against the clock – goats often climb the trees, eating the harvest first. Classes of agroclimatic suitability and limits for each class. Eight classes of agroclimatic suitability under dry-subhumid, semiarid, and arid climatic conditions were delineated. Argan trees bear fruit after five years and can survive for 250 years. These types of trees, in their indigenous areas, take up in order to 39 inches of rainfall each year. 2018, Article ID 9262659, 10 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9262659, 1Climate and Water Institute, INTA, Las Cabañas y Los Reseros, s/n, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2Laboratorio de Cultivo Experimental de Plantas y Microalgas, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3Instituto de Micología y Botánica (INMIBO), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 4Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Ambientales (CINEA), Facultad de Ciencias Humanas (FCH), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNICEN), Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco, s/n, Tandil, Argentina. The suitable areas are those where the average minimum temperature is above −5°C. Table 1 shows some climatic characteristics of area of origin of the argan tree. If temperatures fall below 18°C the climate is deemed too cold for the argan tree, and the area is not suitable [13]. The argan tree is a slow-growing spiny tree and is either shrubby or up to 10 m high when isolated and growing in a favorable environment [2]. Argan oil presents an exceptional percentage of essential fatty acids, one of which is linoleic acid (omega 6, the most essential of all) ensuring the functions of repair and defence of the skin. It is a little-known tree indigenous to intramontane areas, with very low average rainfall, in southwestern Morocco. In less than a century, more than a third of the argan forest has disappeared. Efforts are being made to introduce and evaluate the potential of argan tree (Argania spinosa L.) a native of Morocco, for greenery applications under Kuwait’s environmental conditions. Transplant the seedlings into 6-inch pots once they have produced a pair of leaves and before their tap root is damaged by the pot. These isolated populations are considered relicts of a wider distribution in the past [5]. In 1999, Unesco added the argan tree to the World Heritage list. The harvested area for olives in Argentina has been decreasing permanently. This index is a very important constraint, because lower temperatures can be lethal to argan tree. Avoid very sandy soil soil and waterlogged ground. The suitable and very suitable areas for argan largely coexist with the Argentine olive tree cultivation region. Some of them are in the following countries: Algeria (1.33°N/36.16°W), Netherlands (52.25°N/5.60°E), USA (34.14°N/118.05°W and 34.00°N/118.00°W). Climatic characteristics of area of origin of the argan tree (elaborated by the authors based on [. This plant doesn’t grow on every corner of your neighborhood. The aim of this work was to design an agroclimatic zoning model to define the potential growing areas for Argania spinosa in Argentina. Argan oil — or “liquid gold,” as many refer to it — is made from the fresh kernels of the fruit of the argan tree in Morocco. As can be observed in Figure 9, there is no optimal agroclimatic area for argan cultivation because, in the optimal zone, the minimum temperature of the coldest month is never below 7°C [25]. The argan forest is particularly sensitive to climate change and it was ignored as a specific biotope for a long time. However, research on these plants is usually scarce because they are commonly wild nondomesticated species. Then, put the soil blend to the plastic pot and put the seeds 2 inches deep to the soil. The first index used to analyze the thermal factor was the annual mean temperature, measured over a period of 30 years. Aspects of growth, such as development and death chances by excess or deficiency, were analyzed. Saadia’s son in law was teaching in a town called Ait Daoud in Essaouira province and he came to know this gentleman well a few years ago. The nuts are later collected by farmers to produce oil. If you are lucky enough to live in one of these tropical climes, knowing how to grow macadamia trees successfully can provide you with a lifetime supply of these desired nuts. The limit between the subhumid and semiarid zones is represented by the 500 mm isohyet. Argentina’s winter lasts from June to August. Argan is a saline-sensitive plant [14, 19] and adult trees do not adapt to the higher salinity associated with dry areas. Argan is perfectly adapted to the region’s harsh environment, with the ability to survive extreme heat (over 50°C), drought and poor soil. Argan tree (Argania spinosa) seeds are the source of argan oil, which is used as a cooking oil and in the cosmetics industry. Argan oil was used in Berber folk medicine for centuries to treat skin conditions, rheumatism, and heart disease. The effects of different treatments, such as container type, planting medium and seed … Keep them in dark and change the water every day. Starting in Essaouira and extending to Goulmime, and from the High Atlas to the Atlantic Ocean, it covers more than 828,000 ha [3]. He is the author of several guidebook chapters and the complete "Sunshine Guide" guidebook to Gran Canaria. The essential fatty acids fight against drying and the loss of elasticity which encourage the appearance of wrinkles. It later diverts to the north because of the altitudinal effect imposed by the Andes Mountains. argan trees influence the soil underneath significantly, while the soil in intertree areas is less protected and more degraded. 2 The argan tree The argan tree of the family Sapotaceae is only endemic in Morocco, where argangrovesnaturally coverabout8000 km2. Argan trees in nature receive up to 39 inches of rain per year. Argan oil is rich in vitamin E and it has been reported to lower cholesterol levels, stimulate blood circulation, facilitate digestion, and strengthen the body’s natural defenses [6]. To define the suitable zones, studies must focus on whether the agroclimatic availability of an area can satisfy the biometeorological demands of this species. For this reason, the Moroccan government seeks to obtain a Geographical Indication (GI) on argan oil [8]. Afterwards, these were processed by the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool of the Arc-GIS 9.3 program. The area studied was the Argentine Republic. Considering the increase in arid conditions worldwide, together with the prediction for fewer rainfalls, argan trees could be used for greenery purpose and to reduce climate change effect. Argan trees that do not receive enough water will go into dormancy and not produce any fruit. Argan Tree. This work can be updated by further incorporation of complementary information. Slightly larger than an olive, the argan fruit is usually harvested in July and August once it falls to the ground. 2. Figure 7 shows the minimum temperature of the coldest month (July). Argan trees can be grown from seed and can survive temperatures down to 19 degrees Fahrenheit. The argan (Argania spinosa L.) belongs to the Sapotaceae family and it is the only species of the genus Argania. We look forward to using only our own fruit to make our oil some day. Notwithstanding, this is pioneering work because the agroclimatic zoning for the argan tree in Argentina has never been done before. Argan trees that are deprived of water will get into a dormancy condition and won’t bear any fruits. Download this stock image: Fresh Argan nuts growing on an Argon tree. Silvia L. Falasca, Sandra Pitta-Alvarez, Ana Ulberich, "The Potential Growing Areas for Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels (Sapotaceae) in Argentinean Drylands", International Journal of Agronomy, vol. Germination does not occur with temperatures below 10°C, and the optimum germination temperature is 25°C [16], with night temperatures above 21°C [17]. One of these factors is the great latitudinal development: Argentina expands from 21°46′ (province of Jujuy) in the north to 55°03 in Cape San Pío (province of Tierra del Fuego), in the south. The suitable areas cover part of the provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja, Córdoba, and San Luis and small areas in Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, and Salta. Plant argan seedlings outdoors in free-draining soil and a sunny location. Age Defying. From the Souss plain to the Anti-Atlas Mountains, annual precipitation is in the 250 to 150 mm range. Occasionally, new crops with attractive properties and exploitation potential capture the attention of both public and private sectors. Clear Skin. Values were averaged for each month over a 30-year period to obtain the long-term average. Copyright © 2018 Silvia L. Falasca et al. In Spain, there are specimens in Alicante, Murcia, Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), and Barcelona (38,06°N/1,17°W, 38,42°N/0,42°W, 27,10°N/15,10°W, 38,41°N/0,42°W, 38,33°N/0,54°W, 38,51°N/0,53°W, 38,41°N/0,42°W, 41,10°N/2,10°E, and 41,36N°/2,16°E). In the coastal areas where argan trees grow, there are temperate oceanic influences with moderate temperatures (annual average in Agadir is 18.5°C; minimum temperature of coldest month: 7.4°C) and low annual and daily thermal amplitude [14]. To the south, in desert areas, precipitations are considerably lower than 100 mm [2]. eubiona.com Traditionnellement, l'huile d'argan s'obtient par la pression manuelle des amandes du fruit de l'arganier. The color is darker and the odor stronger than argan cosmetic oil because of the previous toasting of the kernels. A suitable area with constraints under dry-subhumid regime is present in the center of the provinces of Catamarca and Salta. Argan oil is obtained from the seeds of the argan tree traditionally pressed by hand. These are usually the result of climate variations, and even slight changes in a single climate element can wield important influences. According to [4], it appears in subspontaneous form in the Sahara, between Djebel Ouarkziz and the Hamada of Tindouf (Algeria), in humid microhabitats. Germination takes up to a month. The nut-shells are also burned for cooking. Monthly average temperatures are 40°C in summer and 3°C in winter; but they can drop to −5°C. Berbers in some parts of Morocco used the argan tree for timber and fuel. There is a marginal area in the north due to the high winter temperatures. I have only a few seeds left. These areas have regular drought periods, which could be mitigated by argan tree since it not only provides forage for goats but also produces argan oil for local consumption and for sale. given the absence of necessary conditions in terms of soil structure, moisture, fire limitation, and types of seeds.” Southern Moroccan argan forests represent another important example which highlights the effects of human interactions with the local environment and the development of forests too commonly referred to as “wild”. Alex Bramwell started writing in 2002 and spent six years in the field of writing and editing news reports in the business, finance and technology sectors. Finally, Figure 9 (obtained by overlaying all the above-mentioned maps) presents the agroclimatic zoning for the argan tree. According to [13], the argan tree prospers in desert or arid (Bw), steppe or semiarid (Bs) climates, between 20 and 32° latitude. Thought to be a living fossil in its natural distribution area in southern Morocco, western Algeria, northern Western Sahara and northern Mauritania where it still forms sizeable forests on arid lands, the Argan Tree dates back 80 million years in northern Africa and once covered vast areas. The rest of the citations correspond to Morocco (30,53°N/7,89°W, 30,79°N/8,38°W, 29,70°N/9,92°W, 30,82°N/8,40°W, 30,68°N/8,17°W, 29,42°N/9,44°W, 30,37°N/9,70°W, 30,62°N/8,09°W, 29,75°N/9,28°W, etc.). Near Essouira, Morocco - E028EB from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. The climate is characterized by two gradients: decreasing precipitation with increasing temperature from north to south and from west to east [20]. These trees do not really even mind if … Basic data in determining this similarity were the amount of annual rainfall, the annual temperature, the annual minimum temperature, the winter maximum temperature, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, the mean annual minimum temperature, and the annual maximum temperature. The country borders to the north with Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay; to the south with Chile and the Atlantic Ocean; to the east with Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west with Chile (Figure 1). It grows wild in semi-desert soil and is extremely well adapted to drought and other environmentally harsh conditions. To identify regions with appropriate bioclimatic conditions for cultivating A. spinosa, both winter and summer requirements must be considered, since resistance to frosts and drought can be the key to success. These were obtained by interpolating the data collected in the 125 meteorological stations across the country (National Meteorological Service). Brightening. These researchers maintain that argan tree is one of the few surviving relict-breed species of the Tertiary Period, which spanned from 65 million to 1.8 million years ago. This research was supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) of Argentina. With their incredibly deep roots (down to 35 meters!) The international price of argan oil has stimulated the idea of cultivating A. spinosa in regions far from its original geographic center [7]. A suitable area with constraints under irrigation is in the provinces of San Juan, La Rioja, and Catamarca, and small ones can be found in Mendoza and San Luis. The climatological characteristics of the original area were analyzed, and the resulting bioclimatic indicators were extrapolated to the Argentine territory. 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