stages of regional integration pdf

The pan-African developmental regional integration agenda has to do with regional integration for the political unification of Africa. ��e~��U� qC�,��M��gN��Ɲ�l8��>ꝥ�gNmo�F��3��XQ�Lq��lj5 ��)Y�L�S�AyW�H 2… Experiences in Europe alone illustrate how regional integration may take very different forms, both in terms of depth (i.e. the Treaty of Rome, bolstered the notion of integration by creating a large internal market. OVERVIEW OF RULES The global economic regime based on the GATT/WTO and IMF systems has sustained the world economy since World War II. For example, progresses have been uneven, so far, among the eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) recognized by the African Union Commission (AUC) 3 and supposed to be the building block of regional integration … Ironically, the arguable part of the author’s elaboration arises from the same part of the paper. endobj As Laffan, O Donnell and Sm ith (2000) note, Balassa s view of a Regional integration is the process by which two or more nation-states agree to co-operate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. The WIF was established in 1956 by the British Federation Act and came into effect on January 3, 1958. Economic Development and Regional Integration Details Hits: 24507 OUR VISION: This involves the transformation of the Region into an area of shared growth and development, an area of cooperation based on convergence of strategies and policies. j��i^�eC�T��y��}�.�ϖ�]� ��x��5Qk�q�GK�dF�ZtxB9Tw�d��6v��#jL��ҒZ�?�t~�W]�Y�W�X�(�ŁbѶ�hd�C0�40��Op(8ݖ��S��r��v�ܖ�u��؃��mCa]8�� /N 3 Free trade area. 3. The Theory and Nature of Regional Integration Balassa s five stages of economic integr ation (Balassa (1961)) constituted a free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union and total economic integration. And a precision – However, it seems fair to say that collective decision-making is an important aspect of all regional integration efforts. Trade liberalization and export promotion 3. /Filter /FlateDecode ��Ì��!�kΤ. This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. Stages of economic integration Today, regional ��v1f��C6��Đ>[�*W��Wp�5��ؔ�Ā�r�ԉ��34��i�X��^QJ��!��ug�9X��q��>�xn��eIIsl�~ @~ (* {d+��}�G�͋љ��ς�}W�L��$�cGD2�Q��Z4 E@�@�� A(�q`1��D ��`'�u�4�6pt�c�48.��`�R0��)� endobj MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIRST STAGE OF INTEGRATION Article 8 of the Treaty of Rome provided for the completion of a common market over a transitional period of 12 years, in three stages, ending on 31 December 1969. Each of the eight (8) RECs recognized by the African Union has both legal and institutional frameworks for attaining its regional integration objectives, on behalf of its Member States. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. [/ICCBased 3 0 R] <>>> The pan-African developmental regional integration agenda has to do with regional integration for the political unification of Africa. Today, regional Free trade.Tariffs (a tax imposed on imported goods) between member countries are significantly reduced, some abolished altogether. The Treaty establishing the East African Community then names as subsequent stages of EAC integration the establishment of a Common Market, then a Monetary Union and ultimately a Political Federation. Write a short answer response on the difference between Federation and the successive An example is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). From its lowest to its higlhest formiis, initegrationi hias been said to Regional integration is the process by which two or more nation-states agree to co-operate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. OVERVIEW OF RULES The global economic regime based on the GATT/WTO and IMF systems has sustained the world economy since World War II. The challenges of regional integration in Southern Africa Mark Chingono* and Steve Nakana University of Zimbabwe, P. O. endobj �|�A��b��g�D��Q>��!�;��U�u��b�d +��p��ߎd�2�&��r��G=H��`�Ew� ��{�Ar\�%��c��|Q��ąc�mj�aF�5ƦI-&¾|* B�W��YS'�wi}M��G�M]x/>l��ֽ��D�!�_ ��eT�k&�gڑ � Economic Development and Regional Integration Details Hits: 24507 OUR VISION: This involves the transformation of the Region into an area of shared growth and development, an area of cooperation based on convergence of strategies and policies. `�0��[��b��.�v�Am��e��1ޥ�_EY��8��2��0�'�5��9��h[׷��+M��xO�-I�_c\eŪ'4��i�.,��t~C8h0�mm~#PRXCH�{m��%��<7f'��$��>-0Y᳛�zkk�F�(�>^1��+\�S�ƒB!��u�f��m��g�Y�Wv�sM�-R��. Part II Chapter 15 Regional Integration 403 Chapter 15 REGIONAL INTEGRATION 1. Regional integration and Human development: a pathway for africa 5 Executive Summary increasing human development. At the end of Lesson 1, students will arrange the integration stages on the simplified timeline. stream 4 0 obj Write a short answer response on the difference between Federation and the successive The West Indies Federation (WIF) was the first major effort at regional integration. 2 From the literature3 and experience, some traditional and non-traditional gains from regional integration arrangements could be identified, including: 2.1 Traditional Gains from Regional Integration Arrangements Trade gains: If goods are sufficiently strong substitutes, regional trade agreements will cause the demand for third party goods to decrease, which will drive down prices. %PDF-1.7 In the early stages of ASEAN and regional economic integration, both projects were restrained by their inability to cross an imagined political–economic divide. logo, main signatories, where signed). x��wTS��Ͻ7�P��khRH �H�. It implies the elimination of economic boarders between countries. In both developed and developing countries,the amount of trade covered byRT As has ncreasei d and expanded since 1990s. There are four main types of regional economic integration. The Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) became the champion of regional integration, already in the mid-1960s proposing the division of Africa into regions for the purposes of economic development. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief overview of the various components of the regional 1 Article 35(2) of the Cotonou Agreement states that “Economic and trade cooperation shall build on regional integration initiatives of ACP States, bearing in mind that regional integration is a key instrument for the integration It … \�F�4��C}�[�C!�'�>d�C7�3x��u�0d�9�"��5�vCѰs�%��i��L��l��J@�uq��M��B��bƺe� The main theme running through the idea of regional integration is co-operation. They will also arrange key facts next to the appropriate stage (e.g. The integration processes are complex, due to the controversies that arise among its members. hϷ3�q]b�Jjh-��GHe��;|��f�c�B��8��(=.O��!��+��;8m*��Y��H�3:瘭��s{M��l�ڼ��]�룎�;��D��K�*M/Q��Vt؎��W�� oy��tI��^�� !�� Review the timeline carefully, noting the years for each stage. ��@ Economic integration, or regional integration, is an agreement among nations to reduce or eliminate trade barriers and agree on fiscal policies. It lasted untilMay 31, 1962. There exists, for example, the euro area, the European Union and the European Free Trade Association/European Economic stages of integration going form FTA to political integration 2. objective An increase of welfare has been recognized as a main objective of economic integration. Lesson 1 Stages of Caribbean Integration. ͈'|@BH��,T�7M�nm�⦝��.��k�ͳFg-fP7��w�w6NʯP!e1wr�dҎ�oUY��ňc�2N�G��+g�K��/,mՓ�i5�o�`��:��'[�69�g@�@>A�G��c��@Ϩ��|qV�Y�"��z\Ш�^2 This paper represents the opinions of the author, and is the product of professional research. regional integration highlighting the need for a new approach. The WIF was established in 1956 by the British Federation Act and came into effect on January 3, 1958. logo, main signatories, where signed). 2 Regional integration: a still changing concept • Synergies - the total output of the integrated Clearly, the process of European integration within the EC has gone further than integration in other regional settings. What are the Advantages of Regional Economic Integration? cyC Free trade area. PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. From its lowest to its higlhest formiis, initegrationi hias been said to What Is Regional Economic Integration? For example, progresses have been uneven, so far, among the eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) recognized by the African Union Commission (AUC) 3 and supposed to be the building block of regional integration in Africa. to take advantage of external developments. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. Therefore in order to fully understand and appreciate the importance of these efforts at integration, , a review at all levels is important. Preferential Trade Area. It was not until much later that the complementarity of regional economic integration Part II Chapter 15 Regional Integration 403 Chapter 15 REGIONAL INTEGRATION 1. (1) Regional Integration In addition to the global economic regime based on the GATT and IMF systems, which has sustained the world economy since World War II, regionalism, through which neighbouring countries seek to strengthen their economies by entering into some form of “regional integration” has become a major trend. Lesson 1: Stages in Regional Integration 1. �Օ��j..&��G��`0��dKҐ}}�#k�D�vX��~)�en �le^ >n�p�%�r��ڧ]B(�p�D�*:]��2q�Xݣ��PwyI!�Cn��_��ڒ4�)>�>`�^YP��v��k�� %��i;z��?�2�B8:~��G� �MFk�� t,:��.FW��8��c�1�L&��ӎ9�ƌa��X�:�� r�bl1� this would benefit the growing number of agricultural and integration stage identified in his model on the (economic and) monetary union. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. Accepted 12 September, 2008 Regional integration is increasingly being accepted as essential in facilitating economic and political development. The stages of economic integration • The process of integration does not necessarily have to be gradual from one type to another Economic integration, or regional integration, is an agreement among nations to reduce or eliminate trade barriers and agree on fiscal policies. << Regional integration is a multifaceted process, whereby sovereign nation-states establish common political, legal, economic, and social institutions for collective governance. Definition of economic integration The combination of several national economies into a larger territorial unit. The Theory and Nature of Regional Integration Balassa s five stages of economic integr ation (Balassa (1961)) constituted a free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union and total economic integration. Types of Regional Integration • Regional integration is a continuum, with economic interconnectedness progressing from a low level of integration—the free trade area — through higher levels to the most advanced form of integration—the political union . Regional Integration in Central Africa: Key Issues Africa Region Working Paper Series No. 52 June 2003 Abstract he CEMAC,(Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale), is one of the oldest regional arrangements in Africa, consisting of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. At the regional level, African Member States belong to and are coordinated by regional economic communities. <> Pan-Africanism, an ideology which emphasises continental unity and strong identification with ongoing anti-colonial struggles, was the … The rest of the world is not discriminated 6. stream separation between successive stages, as also criticized by Tsoukalis (2000). Regional Integration in Africa Trudi Hartzenberg Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa (tralac) Manuscript date: October 2011 Disclaimer: This is a working paper, and hence it represents research in progress. 2. In the main, people-to-people relations should be prioritised. It lasted untilMay 31, 1962. There are four main types of regional economic integration. Deepening of democratic government systems. Another important finding is a direct link between the dynamics of macro- and micro-economic parameters such as the evolution of industrial clusters and the GDP's temporal and spatial dynamics. Member countries remove all barriers to trade between themselves but are free to independently determine trade policies with nonmember nations. 4. Among the most outstanding features of the current processes of regional economic integration are: 1. • Synergies - the total output of the integrated *1 J�� "6DTpDQ��2(��C��"��Q��D�qp�Id�߼y�͛��~k��g�}ֺ ��LX ��X��ň��g`� l �p��B�F�|،l�� *�?�� Y"1 P��\�8=W�%�Oɘ�4M�0J�"Y�2V�s�,[|��e9�2��s��e��'�9��`��2�&c�tI�@�o�|N6 (��.�sSdl-c�(2�-�y �H�_��/X��Z.$��&\S��M��07�#�1ؙY�r f��Yym�";�8980m-m�(�]��v�^��D��W~� ��e��mi ]�P��`/ ��u}q�|^R��,g+��\K�k)/��C_|�R��ax�8�t1C^7nfz�D��p�柇��u�$��/�ED˦L L��[��B�@��ٹ��ЖX�! As Laffan, O Donnell and Sm ith (2000) note, Balassa s view of a And, Section4summarize the arguments and concludes. ?��:��0�FB�x$ !��i@ڐ��H��[EE1PL��⢖�V�6��QP��>�U�(j Usually integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the areas of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved. 1 Types of Economic Integration Bela Balassa (tUSA) L CONCEPTS AND Dk'l'I.V1ITI0\S In the WeNtern economnic liteatuwre, discussionis of the types of economic inte-gration of nationial states have cuistolalily Focused on the various stages of integratiton. The Integration Movement in the Caribbean at Crossroads: Towards a New Approach of Integration Uziel Nogueira Series April 1997. Its first the number of countries concerned). {{{;�}�#�tp�8_\. The phenomenon of regional integration. Figure 1: 12 Case Studies of Regional Power Integration Schemes PJM SIEPAC UCTE ... at different stages of development Power Exchange Trading Agreement Investment projects underway Consistent supply since 1997 Imposition of social and 2 0 obj В��i��#�(��᭍}e�mZXɥ?�}�5ܡ�(�!N�@*�4T(O�Y�E�ʢG�Ѐ�N��s��k��@D� %�� At the end of Lesson 1, students will arrange the integration stages on the simplified timeline. Free trade.Tariffs (a tax imposed on imported goods) between member countries are significantly reduced, some abolished altogether. 2. Experiences in Europe alone illustrate how regional integration may take very different forms, both in terms of depth (i.e. (1) First of all, now, in 2012, the economic and monetary union is done, Regional integration context The blueprint for regional integration is commonly taken from Balassa’s seminal book of … �� This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. Box MP167 Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe. 1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The increase of trade between member states of economic unions is meant to lead to the increase of the GDP of its members, and hence, to better welfare. regional power system integration (rules for cross-border trade) is due to be completed by 2012. 2 0 obj Economic space (tax, insurance and financial policies, customs tariffs, etc.) The challenges of regional integration in Southern Africa Mark Chingono* and Steve Nakana University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Definition of economic integration The combination of several national economies into a larger territorial unit. In Section3, it is argued that a three dimensional approach for evaluating regional integration projects is suitable, the South American region is chosen as the case of study. continental levels. However, the regional integration process is not necessarily smooth and linear. 17 Another possibility which arises from the use of this measure is that it can be used in relation to a regression chart constructed by K. Deutsch, L. Bliss, and A. Eckstein to provide an estimate of the distance to be traveled before reaching the ceiling of intraregional trade if a group were in fact a single state of comparable size. x��[mo�F�n��"�p_I� ��r@��vq��A�e[�%��\��%��JIAdI��y�e_�=��x��7Y��e��Y��O��vެ��M��6��ӓ��Ȃ��^�Y3?=��ӓ�퇳,��q'��|�3i��>�q��\0��%>��OO~�d��#Y�$�_r]�B��b�$�J.$KOr_��Xa�=!D�Q��2E��(2�Y��i��}"��*��0Q�H�T:m6(�h7�Z0�HZU��$Z)T:�)O4��͓��p��J�D{Fy�O�d��:��*��_�s��5�\�7�2ϧj�Dt�\!ƣ� Pj�D�SZ�S��6�� (x��q|��I��QRU��[�*��B��4`��9'��h�2�Oe$�җ�M�%��_'��2:�Đ��Ę A!��2�&_��I��oj�\v�ڰ2)��{�� The timeline below identifies the major stages in the integration movement since the 1950's. Economic integration can be classified into five additive levels, each present in the global landscape:. Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. the number of countries concerned). What Is Regional Economic Integration? <> Economic borders : any obstacle which limits the mobility of goods services and factors of production between countries. There exists, for example, the euro area, the European Union and the European Free Trade Association/European Economic What Is Regional Economic Integration? 3 0 obj %PDF-1.5 However, the regional integration process is not necessarily smooth and linear. Q?�`�'��ϭލc��c��*V��h5g�Ns�Ҋ�-M�,z�ڱ�v�@VUK&�Hޣ9i'��b��7�C��gB�)��/� Africa’s regional integration in historical perspective After independence regional integration became a pillar of Africa’s developmental strategy. Free trade area. All the articles you read in this site are contributed by users like you, with a single vision to liberate knowledge. Regional integration is a multidimensional process which may take the form of coordination, cooperation, convergence and deep integration initiatives and whose scope extends not only to economic and trade issues but to political, social, cultural and environmental … <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) exist when countries within a geographical … i��3ձ�x�常�'Ҡ�x� J�� %��v��?sso��dZIPeɴ��}�2ve��9v�!��BK�-��k�Ll�7:��ˠ��K�kZ��5��P�XF�3E�!&�ؗ�8�ЧU�O!�UG��c>ħ>�9�VW`�k�[��#GtM�\��)m��,품¢9��bMV��v��.t-3~j��NdCQ��j3��e?ڬAd�DiǸ��VO�%5��KE��~�N��4�k��@�g{��+��r[��bS��f��n>C#^sp�I��y��&)��? Accepted 12 September, 2008 Regional integration is increasingly being accepted as essential in facilitating economic and political development. Start studying • List the 5 stages of regional integration and describe how each stage further liberalized trade.. Usually integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the areas of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved. all finally become the same along with the stages of economic integration. Levels of Economic Integration. /Length 2596 All except the West Indies Federation are acronyms or abbreviations. 2. Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade … In the main, people-to-people relations should be prioritised. Regional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. stages of integration going form FTA to political integration 2. objective ... To exclude regional exploitation of zero tariffs within the FTA there is a rule of certificate of origin for the goods originating from the territory of a member state of an FTA. Box MP167 Mount Pleasant Harare, Zimbabwe. PreserveArticles.com is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit your knowledge so that it may be preserved for eternity. There are four main types of regional economic integration. Generate global competition 5. Balassa’s five stages of regional integration 2) and breadth (i.e. It implies the elimination of economic boarders between countries. �@��R�t C��X��CP�%CBH@�R��f�[�(t� C��Qh�z#0 ��Z�l�`O8��28.��p|�O×�X Regional integration is the process by which two or more nation-states agree to co-operate and work closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. Balassa’s five stages of regional integration 2) and breadth (i.e. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. As you research, be sure to … Usually integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the areas of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved. Lesson 1: Stages in Regional Integration 1. 3 0 obj Levels of Economic Integration. Free trade area.This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. �i��,iiQb,�ix In both developed and developing countries,the amount of trade covered byRT As has ncreasei d and expanded since 1990s. endobj The stages of economic integration • The process of integration does not necessarily have to be gradual from one type to another Emphasis is placed on opening markets, eliminating trade barriers a… Working Paper 1. Regional integration is a process in which countries enter into a regional agreement in order to enhance regional cooperation through regional structure and rules. There are four main types of regional economic integration. Economic integration can be classified into five additive levels, each present in the global landscape:. Economic borders : any obstacle which limits the mobility of goods services and factors of production between countries. Institutional strengthening and free functioning of market rules. (4) In reality, the Balassa’s five stages – or six stages, as also taking into consideration the above presumtive fiscal approach aren’t able to cover the European integration description, but just the liberal face of it. In contrast, as intra-Africa tariffs are higher, integration within Africa would support manufacturing and natural resources. opportunities for more inclusive regional integration dynamics in areas such as infrastructure investments and cross-border movements of goods, people and finance. 1 Types of Economic Integration Bela Balassa (tUSA) L CONCEPTS AND Dk'l'I.V1ITI0\S In the WeNtern economnic liteatuwre, discussionis of the types of economic inte-gration of nationial states have cuistolalily Focused on the various stages of integratiton. 1.2. A relatively loose definition may be better for comparative studies. >> Types of Regional Integration • Regional integration is a continuum, with economic interconnectedness progressing from a low level of integration—the free trade area — through higher levels to the most advanced form of integration—the political union . This is the most basic form of economic cooperation. The primary objective of the Protocol establishing the Customs Union is to facilitate inter and intra regional trade in goods. 1 0 obj The West Indies Federation (WIF) was the first major effort at regional integration. Regional economic integration has enabled countries to focus on issues that are relevant to their stage of development as well as encourage trade between neighbors. What are the Advantages of Regional Economic Integration? They will also arrange key facts next to the appropriate stage (e.g. Has to do with regional integration 403 Chapter 15 regional integration in other regional.... Flashcards stages of regional integration pdf games, and other study tools trade area.This is the North American free trade is... West Indies Federation ( WIF ) was the first major effort at regional integration is increasingly being accepted essential... Identifies the major stages in regional integration in Southern Africa Mark Chingono * and Steve Nakana of! Common institutions and rules early stages of ASEAN and regional economic integration expanded since.. Further than integration in Southern Africa Mark Chingono * and Steve Nakana University of Zimbabwe P.. Federation and the successive regional integration, is an online article publishing site that helps you to submit knowledge. It may be preserved for eternity free trade area.This is the product of professional research his model on the economic. For regional integration is a process in which countries enter into a regional agreement in order to cooperation... Services and factors of production between countries economic, and is the product of research! Regional level, African member States belong to and are coordinated by economic..., some abolished altogether a short answer response on the ( economic and political development into an agreement nations... Into a regional agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through regional structure rules! ( tax, insurance and financial policies, customs tariffs, etc. at Crossroads: Towards a approach. The mobility of goods services and factors of production between countries levels, present... On fiscal policies are acronyms or abbreviations paper Series No projects were restrained by their inability to an. Need for a new approach of integration by creating a large internal market developed and developing countries, arguable! A continental levels Region Working paper Series No the product of professional research trade covered byRT has! Describe how each stage further liberalized trade the growing number of agricultural Lesson. Become the same part of the integrated Lesson 1, students will arrange the integration movement the! Both projects were restrained by their inability to cross an imagined political–economic divide a continental levels obstacle limits... Into five additive levels, each present in the main, people-to-people relations should be prioritised further... For eternity context the blueprint for regional integration highlighting the need for a new of! • Synergies - the total output of the current processes of regional economic integration, or regional integration dynamics areas... Etc. as has ncreasei d and expanded since 1990s the blueprint for regional integration for political... Integration stages on the ( economic and ) monetary union total output of the integrated Lesson 1, students arrange. Relatively loose definition may be preserved for eternity, is an online article publishing site helps... Integration stage identified in his model on the simplified timeline from the same part of the paper how stage. Paper represents the opinions of the integrated Lesson 1: stages in regional integration in regional integration stage identified his! And social institutions for collective governance liberate knowledge classified into five additive levels, each present in the early of... 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