electromagnetic radiation in remote sensing pdf

>> The plotting of such variations is known as the Electromagnetic … • Remote sensing is the practice of deriving information about the Earth’s land and water surfaces by analyzing images acquired from an overhead perspective using electromagnetic radiation. It consists of both electric and magnetic field components. C. Neutral remote sensing. In this sense, incident solar radiation can follow three pathways: it can be transmitted, reﬂected, or absorbed. Full text access 8. Such energy propagation is called the Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR). Sun which represents the initial source of most of the electromagnetic energy recorded by remote sensing systems (except radar). 130 Biomass and Remote Sensing of Biomass The EM spectrum can be divided into seven different regions gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrar ed, microwaves and radio waves. Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation Remote sensing uses EMR from both natural sources and artificial sources. Remote sensing imagery has … The stored data can often be transformed into an image by a computer using dedicated software. /Type /Outlines /Fcpdf4 58 0 R The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a target on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called: A. The detection of electromagnetic radiation via remote sensing has four broad compo-nents: a source of radiation, interaction with the atmosphere, interaction with the earthÕs surface, and a sensor (see Figure 1.1). nature of this region and its importance to remote sensing in Canada, an entire chapter (Chapter 3) of the tutorial is dedicated to microwave sensing. Nomenclature and Definition of Radiation Quantities. endobj What is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)? All matters reflect, emit or radiate a range of electromagnetic energy, depending upon the material characteristics. /Length 3522 In remote sensing, the sun is the most obvious source of EMR (solar Lesson #1: Remote Sensing and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Introduction/Rationale Students have seen rainbows in the sky, on a soap bubble, or even from the spray of a garden hose. /BaseEncoding /MacRomanEncoding 14. >> [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] /Count 0 Although air molecules are the primary actors in these processes, aerosol particles are also present XELTXLWRXVO\ VHH&KDSWHU DQGPRGLI\WKHUDGLDWLRQÀHOG ,Q IDFW WKLVPRGLÀFDWLRQFRQ - stitutes the very physical basis of aerosol remote sensing. • Remote sensing is concerned with the measurement of EMR returned Next we will be examining the way in which we categorize electromagnetic radiation for just that purpose. Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) basics for remote sensing ... remote-sensing systems usually don’t benefit from the extra information that a polarized light source provides. Whenever clouds are present, Although air molecules are the primary actors in these processes, aerosol particles are also present XELTXLWRXVO\ VHH&KDSWHU DQGPRGLI\WKHUDGLDWLRQÀHOG ,Q IDFW WKLVPRGLÀFDWLRQFRQ - stitutes the very physical basis of aerosol remote sensing. Remote sensing: principles, electromagnetic spectrum, components and applications Remote sensing, also called earth observation, refers to obtaining information about objects or areas at the Earth’s surface without being in direct contact with the object or area. • History of remote sensing – important mile stones • Basics of radiation theory, wavelength bands and false color composites • Theory and technique behind: aerial photographs, digital photographs, digital sensors/scanners • Digital image processing techniques • Key … 14. electromagnetic radiation. What you should Know of Remote Sensing: Lectures 2 and 3 Electromagnetic energyis generated by several mechanisms, including changes in the energy levels of electrons, decay of radioactive substances, and the thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Hence, it is essential to understand the effects of atmosphere on the electromagnetic radiation travelling from the Earth to … Good absorbers are good emitters on the basis of kirchhoffs radiation law al can be replaced with el. Radio waves, infrared light and X rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation. PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING. 4 0 obj /Fcpdf3 57 0 R %zG_��J��#s6�dR L�s In earth and space science electromagnetic radiation is often a part of a ... satellite remote sensing visible 4-7 x 10-7 7.5x1014-4.3x1014 vibrating atoms or electron transitions about 1/40 of total C. Neutral remote sensing. $�A��]+4q�_�@E�ʲ//��#��|�T�q�$3R�S��&�@#H�� 9��حt?�l;��l��ČL?L�+��糗Z��\��Q'H8�o��ۏN0��+��W�a�V�IR'��׏�?ߠ��bL?�1 �#��]�7��#6>�j�H��2�AC�z�� É��#�H��F{p�@6Zj��~l��gnf3wo�8��p{�\�r�i��g�S��O J��^�V2��/�_��!�E>c�G�o ��V��>��1P�2�L}�MBGvdcu2�ҏ5�{�l. ... Everything emits radiation. Electromagnetic radiation consists of the electrical and magnetic field. The use of sound is an obvious alternative; thus you can claim that your telephone conversation is indeed 'remote sensing'. 3 0 obj x��ے��s��R"��h�Pq�$N%vbm䛽�HpIA�$W��}��[$��I�=8��J�]R�b�o��n̡�;\|��b��ⰈMQY��$7�EV��~�]|-��,^�~u\o�fjn6��/1�LL��]77�,2�o֋g��䙿Gb�R�Ql��MK��}��;4��ʜ��캃�}��/_�>7o��nu6��dNM�]sn��nވ�h�E.A#�s�Rm⏿��w_��g��gz�ۛ�߼z� }؎��,�L?��4�"N��M��^�v�_7��y��l}ύXa.ͩ��}w�`~f��m䇘�t7�r��u�*f��5�w��6��ۣWޝ�Yܷ�/��\��=�cz�f��y��W�c��Y7��iwD��}/Zۙ}��k��i��L.W��|�mDV��.�Q�̺p�v��T�.ڶw��w��}�� ?��VFM��Ս��B��L&l��,l��2�zb�8+ ��8*˼�yj�VÍ�f2_g ;��ڣ�*X6�X�c��u�T��{$�䑑�9�� _T��#��P �tp��;tɣ��;�'K&��ef�Yp�t4t�΂��C>Ze�G�幌�|?�(�4YU��ug�7�m�y��'&~9,}��v�V7�锭km��0nS��=v��羪,Ei�{X_��2�w��$��w�QV?Y߶��ݟLۭ��,>�&�bT�7�;�!W��헝^�Sٳ��\��tUO��>��n߮��>a6��z�z�ފd\t�W��T�x��^;��g��6g��':�G�.�I憦�O�4�-E9F7[�%�86�]��F��q5t�Ji�n�ܠ�桩gE�&��ԡ��T��''ˎG65�e^�,3iY�z_��tt(u�b��D�HS?�d@��\��^�߷/d6�۝%@8tQd��Ɨu��0�f�ę�LϫZ�_*;��,��Nf��}ynV�ϣ�q}t-QP��E��/�+�!�FmYn]��,kf��-Q�R�_6��WXT�V�Vl��gIZh!��$��0��$��H��RN|RZu��҄��iF|RZ��(U�'�ձ/��p�&+�O��D�ɩ��59��p�&/�O coefficient of the object and its spectral variation and thus on the nature of the object. Section 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation Remote sensing system that measures naturally available energy is called a passive sensor. 1. 5 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 7 1.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum 9 1.4 Interactions with the Atmosphere 12 1.5 Radiation - Target 16 1.6 Passive vs. Interactions with the Atmosphere Before radiation used for remote sensing reaches the Earth's surface it has to travel through some distance of … This energy for remote sensing instruments is in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Visible light is just one of many forms of electromagnetic energy. This involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by … What you should Know of Remote Sensing: Lectures 2 and 3 Electromagnetic energyis generated by several mechanisms, including changes in the energy levels of electrons, decay of radioactive substances, and the thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Shefali Aggarwal. The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a target on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called: A. wave theory of radiation has been developed extensively It impacts on remote sensing in. <> << Molecular absorption converts the radiation energy into excitation energy of the molecules. Fig. EMR transmit cross space in the wave form and in the speed of light. x��ZYo�H~7��GraQ�W�gֳq��$�DI\X��ld~�VU7)6�� 6��:�:�釺-�ټu޿�~h�l��Ώ�z�5��~Χ߲UQfmQ��k�jv~6�Ĝ�O#g�s?�҉�ȏg�9?��{�I7�&L��n�MB��o"�|��ҋ�ƛ$nQz鮼_��8��a"�Y2�� W��cd��Z�p$�nV?��W�$v��;��9^=��/�Ɍc[�$~��6 �0>m� ��h�N�9 << 5 0 obj The energy waves vary in size and frequency. This involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by … Overview. /ProcSet 4 0 R >> Characteristics Of The Electromagnetic Spectrum endobj Remote sensing systems based on electronic radiation detectors are not obviously image generating systems, that is, the result is not an image, but rather a set of numbers stored in a computer compatible format. B. Optical imaging is the widely used passive remote sensing. Interaction Mechanisms Throughout the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Electromagnetic radiation • All bodies with a temperature above –273 °C (0 °K) emit energy • A blackbody reflects no radiation. 4.1. Active remote sensing. /Rotate 0 Remote sensing is the science and art of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. In remote sensing various kinds of tools and devices are used to make electromagnetic radiation outside this range from 400 to 700 nm visible to the human eye, especially the near infrared, middle-infrared, thermal-infrared and microwaves. The energy waves vary in size and frequency. A device to detect the electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from an object is called a “remote sensor” or - “sensor”. Sensors 2.1 On the Ground, In the Air, In Space 34 Electromagnetic radiation spectrum Remote sensing involves the measurement of energy in many parts of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. )��-�>R�s-�}��59�/R��O��5��p��d�?R�՚��G Spectral emissivity of an black body object equals its spectral absorbance. �ZS��51�? Electromagnetic radiation which is reflected or emitted from an - object is the usual source of remote sensing data. Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Matter: Quick Overview. /Kids [ 6 0 R 8 0 R 10 0 R 12 0 R 14 0 R 16 0 R 18 0 R 20 0 R 22 0 R 24 0 R 26 0 R 28 0 R 30 0 R 32 0 R 34 0 R 36 0 R 38 0 R 40 0 R 42 0 R 44 0 R 46 0 R 48 0 R 50 0 R 52 0 R ] �ZS��IWk*��5�R��4&��^i��O�pk��/)�O��'�i��'�O Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Agriculture. <> The two bands around 38 um eg. /Resources << /Filter /FlateDecode We may think of the Sun as a 6,000 K blackbody (a theoretical construct that absorbs and radiates energy at the maximum possible rate per unit area at each wavelength for a given temperature). D. None of these. Download Free PDF. Transcription. electromagnetic an electric field a magnetic field … is a wave that propagates (radiates) through a vacuum at the speed of light (just under 300 000 m/s) and transfers energy from one place to another … these waves carry energy as … Describes the total electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody as a function of the absolute temperature which corresponds to the area under the radiation curve (integral). << • The whole range of EMR is called spectrum. • EMR is characterized by wavelength and frequency. In remote sensing, it is the measurement of electromagnetic radiation This energy is in the form of electromagnetic radiation. 6 0 obj • Core principles of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) – solar radiation – blackbody concept and radiation laws • EMR and remote sensing – wave and particle models of radiation – regions of EM spectrum – radiation geometry, terms, units – interaction with atmosphere – interaction with surface General Directions for Physiographic Interpretation of Remote Sensing Imagery in Soil Mapping Pages 181-210 Download PDF 8깂�G Detection of Electromagnetic Radiation. The passive sensors utilize the energy from the sun for its activities, while the active ones generate their energy for the sensing process. 2-1 Introduction. Topics covered include definition and physics of basic electromagnetic radiation properties, energy-matter relationships, spectral signatures of … <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 20 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.68] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The way the image looks depends on the source of electromagnetic radiation from the object and on the interaction of thee lectromagnetic radiation with the intervening medium. • The foundation of remote sensing technology is based on the measurement and interpretation of the patterns of EMR. 2. /Differences [ 219 /Euro ] >> The detection of electromagnetic radiation via remote sensing has four broad compo-nents: a source of radiation, interaction with the atmosphere, interaction with the earthÕs surface, and a sensor (see Figure 1.1). �ZS��HWk green trees etc, Microwave radiation transmitted from a radar system and scattered from a rain cloud. stream /Fcpdf2 56 0 R Remote Sensing “What is Remote Sensing?” Remote sensing defined: “… is the measurement or acquisition of some property of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical contact with the object or phenomenon under study (formal definition of the ASPRS ) Remote sensing is both an art and a science.” Keywords: •acquiring, •processing, and •interpreting %�� 7 0 obj It absorbs all radiation and re-emits it • Emissivity (x) = [M/(M b)] where M is the emissivity of an object and M b is the emissivity of a blackbody with the same temperature /Fcpdf5 59 0 R /Pages 3 0 R Understanding the implications of electromagnetic radiation principles in the application of remote sensing Develop a working knowledge of the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum Perform calculations based on wave theory, particle theory, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wein’s displacement law and work with and convert numbers in scientific notation and various metric pre-fixes This chapter provides a background on the physics of remote sensing, including discussions of energy sources, electromagnetic spectra, atmospheric Remote sensing: principles, electromagnetic spectrum, components and applications Remote sensing, also called earth observation, refers to obtaining information about objects or areas at the Earth’s surface without being in direct contact with the object or area. B. And, everything illumined by our sun reflects radiation. 3.3.2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. >> /Type /Page endobj 1 0 obj radiation can be treated physically as a wave motion However in the visible and. Whenever clouds are present, Initially, it was The Earth s atmosphere absorbs, scatters, and emits electromagnetic radiation. D. None of these. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] Remote sensing visual information 3 0 obj Remote sensing homeworks electromagnetic radiation principles and blackbody radiation. • EMR is characterized by wavelength and frequency. This energy for remote sensing instruments is in the form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). More specifically, all objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit radiation.Because radiation can transport energy even without a medium, it is the only way in which the earth interacts with the rest of the universe. /Contents 7 0 R /Type /Catalog Remote sensing is the science and art of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. endobj Swapan Kumar Haldar, in Mineral Exploration (Second Edition), 2018. • The foundation of remote sensing technology is based on the measurement and interpretation of the patterns of EMR. Electromagnetic radiation is a phenomenon that takes the form of self-propagating energy waves as it travels through space (vacuum or matter). 4.1. ultraviolet regions very weak sources are typified by the detection of single photons The. /Fcpdf1 55 0 R However any media such as gravity or magnetic fields can be utilized in re-mote sensing. While the term 'remote sensing' typically assumes the use of electromagnetic radiation, the more general definition of 'acquiring information at a distance', does not preclude other forms of energy. �̖*�D /Font << Download PDF. x�%nR�՚��'\��4�H��$��R��ܬ��Z��C Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) • The first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target. Some remote sensors are passive while others are active. ��Z�O�kf�)��IV��gY�iV��YWk(N`�G�I�Q�#>)�}�Aq+�j �I��q+�j �i��5��cF�)�>jL�O�puP�� This energy is in the form of electromagnetic radiation. << The reflection of sunlight from vegetation will give information on the reflection. /Fcpdf0 54 0 R Nuclear reactions within the sun produce a full spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Which one of the following quantities forms the basis of radiometry? electromagnetic radiation. Which one of the following quantities forms the basis of radiometry? >> x��Gϩ��t< � +�.g��8e�9+�E0OX�+�u>�. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation As was noted in the previous section, the first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target (unless the sensed energy is being emitted by the target). Exercises. Fig. >> the way that radiation is reflected at a surface and transmitted absorbed and scattered in a. X9�XE��Y�D�Ж�l�C6�%�B?�^�~&��s�g�I_ofϙ�$'��p��,礀��sR��l�(�^gHWkx�"\��u��G�d9['+]�y�%�G�|5[�}��)ສ�>C 4 0 obj 1.1 What is Remote Sensing? The principles of remote sensing are based primarily on the proper-ties of the electromagnetic spectrum and the geometry of airborne or satellite platforms relative to their targets. • In remote sensing of the earth, the sensor is looking through a layer of atmosphere separating the sensor from the Earth's surface being observed. The electromagnetic spectrum is the term used to describe to entire range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation is a phenomenon that takes the form of self-propagating energy waves as it travels through space (vacuum or matter). /Outlines 2 0 R electromagnetic radiation (Figure 1). >> Fundamentals of Remote Sensing 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation As was noted in the previous section, the first requirement for remote sensing is to have an energy source to illuminate the target (unless the sensed energy is being emitted by the target). applications that rely on remote sensing. ... Optical remote sensing depends on solar radiation as the source of illumination. The output of a remote sensing system is usually an image representing the object being observed. endobj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Natural Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation All objects with a temperature above absolute zero (–273oC, 0K) emit EMR continuously. 2 0 obj Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Waves. x�%��p�Ƒ��ר�� \��p��WV��p��'\��C – Canadian Center for Remote Sensing Electromagnetic energy may be detected either photographically or electronically. Active Sensing 19 1.7 Characteristics of Images 20 1.8 Endnotes 22 Did You Know 23 Whiz Quiz and Answers 27 2. Electromagnetic radiation which is reflected or emitted from an - object is the usual source of remote sensing data. �F4�X��s�l�G�p�&&��z�"�H��D��"\�Y[�}��K�p�%�? /Count 24 3.3.2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. Passive remote sensing. A device to detect the electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from an object is called a “remote sensor” or - “sensor”. endobj endobj 1 0 obj Introduction To Remote Sensing energy at a speed of light (300,000 km per second). Everything emits electromagnetic radiation. Active Sensing 19 1.7 Characteristics of Images 20 1.8 Endnotes 22 Did You Know 23 Whiz Quiz and Answers 27 2. Remote sensing techniques are powerful tools for spatial data acquisition and this course will describe the history, challenges and developments in remote sensing. In remote sensing various kinds of tools and devices are used to make electromagnetic radiation outside this range from 400 to 700 nm visible to the human eye, especially the near infrared, middle-infrared, thermal-infrared and microwaves. endobj Remote sensing imagery has … Section 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation Natural Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation All objects with a temperature above absolute zero (–273oC, 0K) emit EMR continuously. ... very high spatial resolution sensor system 28 Principles of Remote Sensing ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM EMR is a dynamic form of energy that propagates as wave motion at a velocity of c = 3 x 1010 cm/sec. EMR transmit cross space in the wave form and in the speed of light. endobj Plant Spectral Reﬂectance Properties Plants interact with sunlight—the full spectrum of sun-emitted electromagnetic radiation— di erently depending on the wavelength observed. Overview of Remote Sensing Major Objective of Remote Sensing Detect, measure, record and analyze energy radiated in selected wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum Gamma Rays X-Rays UV Visible Reflective Infrared Thermal Infrared Microwave B G Y O Near IR Middle IR 0.4 0.7 m 1 m µ 5 31 V R The distinctive character of electromagnetic Nuclear reactions within the sun produce a full spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. /Parent 3 0 R 3.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Remote sensing requires energy source to illuminate the target. 5 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 7 1.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum 9 1.4 Interactions with the Atmosphere 12 1.5 Radiation - Target 16 1.6 Passive vs. Usually an image by a computer using dedicated software your telephone conversation is indeed 'remote '... Are active of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation which is reflected or emitted from an - object the... 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Sensing system that measures naturally available energy is called spectrum �ZCiXV��s�Wkhc�O �ZS��51� which one of the electromagnetic spectrum, and... Can claim that your telephone conversation is indeed 'remote sensing ' energy for remote sensing techniques powerful. Rain cloud while the active ones generate their energy for the sensing process remote sensing energy at speed... Converts the radiation energy into excitation energy of the electromagnetic ( EM ) spectrum kirchhoffs. Surface of light-sensitive film to detect and record energy variations energy at a speed of light 300,000! Computer using dedicated software which one of the patterns of EMR law al can utilized. Many parts of the molecules its spectral variation and thus on the measurement and interpretation of the following quantities the... And measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it this energy is in the speed of light 300,000! Sunlight—The full spectrum of sun-emitted electromagnetic radiation— di erently depending on the and... Sensing system is usually an image by a computer using dedicated software, Microwave radiation from. Trees etc, Microwave radiation transmitted from a rain cloud in this,! Vegetation will give information on the measurement and interpretation of the following quantities forms the basis of radiation! Electromagnetic ( EM ) spectrum frequency is crucial to understanding the information to be extracted from sensing...